GYNECOLOGICAL EXAM WITHOUT FEAR: WHAT TO EXPECT AND WHAT THE DOCTOR PAYS ATTENTION TO?

A gynecological exam is a key step in diagnosing and preventing reproductive system diseases, allowing the doctor to comprehensively assess a woman’s health. However, for many patients, this procedure remains unclear, which can cause anxiety or discomfort. What steps does a visit to the gynecologist include? What tools and techniques are used during the exam, and how do they help the doctor obtain an objective clinical picture?

We will go over each aspect of the exam in detail with Boryslav Tkachenko, an oncologist at the Department of Gynecology at the A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

«The appointment always starts with a conversation between the doctor and the patient. You can openly discuss any concerns with your gynecologist—there are no «embarrassing» or «taboo» topics for us, we are here to help», says Boryslav Eduardovich. Even minor changes in your health can be important, so be sure to share them. After the discussion, the doctor will invite you to the gynecological chair for an examination».

The doctor evaluates the symmetry and normal anatomical structure of the external genitalia, the condition of the mucous membranes, the nature of discharge, and any tenderness upon palpation. These details are crucial, as they help identify both oncological conditions and benign growths.

«During the exam, we use a vaginal speculum, an instrument that allows us to visualize the cervix and perform necessary diagnostic procedures», explains Boryslav Eduardovich. It can be either disposable, made of medical-grade plastic, or reusable metal».

Once the speculum is inserted, the doctor examines the cervix and removes excess mucus with a sterile cotton swab to ensure an accurate cytological analysis. A specialized brush is then inserted into the cervical canal to collect epithelial cells through gentle rotational movements. The collected sample is placed on a glass slide or in a transport medium before being sent to the laboratory for cytological analysis.

Cytological testing helps assess the condition of cervical epithelial cells, detect inflammatory changes, and identify precancerous conditions or early-stage cancer. To ensure accurate results, it is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal medications, and douching for 48 hours before the test.

Depending on the clinical situation, the doctor may recommend further tests:

• Pelvic ultrasound (US) – to assess the uterus, ovaries, and endometrium.
• Tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) – to identify inflammation and possible causes of symptoms.
• Hormonal tests – in cases of menstrual irregularities, infertility, or suspected endocrine disorders.
• Colposcopy – a detailed examination of the cervical tissues under magnification to detect even minimal epithelial changes.

«Our goal is not just to conduct an exam but to create an atmosphere of trust and care», emphasizes Boryslav Eduardovich. Regular gynecological visits are an essential step in maintaining your health, and we do everything to make your appointment as comfortable as possible».

You can book an appointment with a specialist by calling the call center: 8 (800) 250-87-00, 8 (495) 150-11-22, 8 (499) 110-40-67.