MALE INFERTILITY: A SOLVABLE PROBLEM

If a couple is unable to conceive within a year of regular, unprotected intercourse, it may indicate issues with reproductive function. MD Stepan Krasnyak, a leading scientific researcher in the Andrology and Human Reproduction Department of the N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, explains the causes of male infertility and modern treatment methods.

According to the clinical guidelines of the European Association of Urology and the Russian Society of Urology, many factors influence male fertility, but our expert highlights the main ones:

1. Varicocele (enlarged veins in the spermatic cord) is the most common cause of male infertility, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and reduced testicular volume.

“Varicocele worsens sperm quality, but timely treatment can restore fertility,” notes Stepan Krasnyak.

2. Hormonal Imbalances. Changes in testosterone and other hormone levels can hinder conception. High prolactin levels or thyroid dysfunction also negatively affect spermatogenesis.

3. Genetic Disorders. Abnormalities in sperm DNA structure or irregularities in genetic material can prevent conception.

“Genetic testing helps identify such issues and select the most effective treatment method,” adds the expert.

4. Infections (orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, STIs). Both specific pathogens (chlamydia, trichomonas, ureaplasma) and common flora like E. coli can impair sperm function.

5. Medications and Chemotherapy. Certain drugs, including hormonal, antibacterial, and psychotropic medications, can negatively affect fertility.

“Before starting cancer treatments that may impact reproductive function, we recommend consulting a reproductive specialist for possible cryopreservation of biological material—a service available at our Сentre,” advises Dr. Krasnyak.

Despite the various causes of infertility, the doctor notes: “In 90% of cases, we can help patients experience the joy of parenthood.” The expert emphasizes that both partners need to be examined to diagnose the cause.

In cases of idiopathic infertility, empirical treatments such as antioxidants or hormonal stimulation are used. “This can activate spermatogenesis and increase the chances of conception,” explains the doctor.

For couples for whom medication has not worked, assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF, insemination, and cryopreservation are available. “With the right approach, most people succeed in starting a family. The key is not to lose hope—a positive attitude is just as important!” concludes the expert.

To schedule a consultation with specialists in the Andrology and Human Reproduction Department of the N. Lopatkin SRI of Urology and Interventional Radiology, call the contact center at +7 (499) 110-40-67.