MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT ORAL CANCER

Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide, with over 400,000 new cases diagnosed annually.

The incidence increases with age, peaking among people over 60. However, there has been a recent rise in cases among younger individuals. Together with oncologist Liana Vatina from the Department of Head and Neck Disease Treatment at the A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and a member of the Young Scientists Council, we will debunk common myths and learn how to maintain oral health.

Myth 1: Only people with bad habits get oral cancer.

— Smoking and alcohol consumption are traditionally considered the most significant risk factors for oral cancer. However, there are several other risk factors that can trigger the disease even in people who lead a healthy lifestyle. It is also important to remember that not all mechanisms of oral cancer development are fully understood—sometimes, the disease occurs without any known risk factors.

Myth 2: Young people are not at risk of oral cancer.

— Research shows that in recent decades, oral cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 has been increasingly affecting younger people. This virus can be transmitted through oral sexual contact.

Additionally, people of any age are susceptible to cuts and wounds in the oral cavity. While minor injuries usually heal quickly, persistent irritation—such as repeatedly biting your tongue or cheek—can lead to ulcers that do not heal for a long time. If this happens, it is essential to see a doctor.

Myth 3: Painful oral growths always mean cancer.

— There are several possible scenarios: normal tissue response, hyperplasia (an increase in the number of benign cells and their growth in the oral cavity), dysplasia (a precancerous condition), and malignant tumors. In all cases, a doctor will determine the appropriate treatment.

You should be concerned if you notice persistent ulcers, pain in the mouth, changes in the appearance or texture of the oral mucosa, white, red, or red-and-white patches, or any lesions that tend to bleed.

A head and neck oncologist or otolaryngologist is the best specialist to determine the nature of the abnormal growth.