Surgery

Surgery is a field of medicine, the methodology of which involves the treatment of diseases accompanied by violation of the integrity of the skin and internal tissues of the body. The basic principle of surgery is to treat diseases and alleviate the suffering of a sick patient and preserve his vital functions. Some types of surgery are subdivided and fulfill their task to treat and maintain the body. Reconstructive and maintenance surgery is preventive in nature to avoid recurrence of many diseases.

P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI) contact center:

+7 (495) 150 – 11 – 22

A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center (MRRC) contact center:

+7 (800) 250 – 87 – 00

N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology (SRIUIR) contact center:

+7 (499) 110 – 40 – 67

Unique surgical technologies
Patented surgical techniques
Many years of experience
Patients from anywhere in Russia, near and far abroad

Types of surgical activity

A wide range of surgical interventions is used in FSBI “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” (NMRRC) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Surgeries are performed in specialized operating rooms equipped with expert-class equipment. In National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation you can undergo treatment of diseases using surgical treatment. The main distinguishing method of surgical treatment is surgical intervention. Surgery involves damage to the integrity of the skin to remove, change or correct the pathological process in the body. Surgical intervention is a therapeutic measure that is carried out by physical or mechanical impact on organs and tissues. Surgical operations are carried out with the help of special instruments and equipment, to maintain the vital activity of the body. Surgery is divided into blood and bloodless operations. In the first method of treatment, penetration into the internal organs or skin occurs through incisions or punctures. Bloodless surgical interventions occur directly without opening the organ cavity. The most common surgical techniques utilizing plucking of biomaterial, removal of polyps, as well as laparoscopic surgeries and endoscopy. About 80 surgical interventions are performed daily at the NMRRC of Radiology.

Types of surgery

Depending on the purpose of surgical intervention, operations are divided into diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic surgery is performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. Taking biomaterial of tissues of internal organs or as a final measure, if during the intervention, it turns out that the disease is not operable.

Varieties of surgical interventions in NMRRC of radiology:

It is used to remove localized cancerous tumors, i.e. those that have not yet spread to other parts of the body, and is often accompanied by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to destroy all cancer cells. Therapeutic surgery is performed to provide relief to the patient. The method of surgery occurs by removing the pathologic focus or organ. Such a method is called radical. Cutting off part of the organ or completely removing it allows you to avoid the progression of the disease. The use of this method is possible when oncology is detected. In such cases, the tumor is removed exactly operatively in the surgical department.

It is used, for example, when it is necessary to install port systems for chemotherapy. Supportive surgery has the goal of maintaining the patient’s condition. The insertion of probes, stomas, life support systems or the implantation of a port system into internal organs is also performed by a physician surgeon in the surgical department.

Quite often surgery can be performed without an incision using an endoscope. Often used in urology, gynecology, abdominal surgery.

Reconstructive surgery may also be used to maintain an organ, which can reconstruct the organ and resume its necessary functions. Reconstructive surgery returns the body or organ to a normal or near-normal appearance after treatment. Breast reconstructive surgery after mastectomy (removal of the breast) is the most common.

Used to prevent the occurrence of cancer. Many colorectal cancers can be prevented by removing precancerous polyps before they develop into malignant ones. Women at high risk of developing breast cancer due to family history or genetic mutations may choose to undergo breast surgery to prevent a tumor from developing.

It is a safe procedure performed under local anesthesia.

Palliative surgery refers to interventions to relieve the patient’s condition and pain. It is not a treatment for oncology, but is used to improve a patient’s quality of life by relieving pain or other symptoms caused by an incurable tumor.

Uses advanced technology to remove tumors through tiny incisions. Minimally invasive procedures are performed by manipulators under the supervision of surgeons. The principle of minimally invasive surgery involves the use of surgery with minimal damage to the skin and internal tissues of the body. Minimally invasive video-assisted surgeries are performed in our Center.

Types of operations in surgery

Depending on the type of surgery, several types of surgical intervention are distinguished. Surgery divides surgeries into primary, secondary and repeated treatment interventions. If you first seek surgical treatment, then such interventions are called primary. Subsequent surgery can be repeated, most often it occurs, in case of complications after the first surgical intervention. Repeat surgeries are surgeries that occur because of an incompletely performed primary surgery. In surgery, operations may be performed in several stages. Usually, surgical intervention is performed in a single stage. But, for example, with cancer of the sigmoid colon, initially there is removal of the pathological focus and placement of colostomy, and only then the stage of reconstructive surgery. Surgery is divided into emergency, urgent and planned operations. Emergency surgeries may be performed immediately, without examination, if it can save the patient and increase the chances of survival.

These interventions can be performed outside the surgical department. Urgent operations are those interventions that can prevent the development of the disease. Surgical operations for oncologic diseases are mainly performed urgently. Scheduled operations are performed on patients whose pathologies do not threaten the patient’s life.

When performing surgical intervention, the conditions of the operation are important. Our surgery center has special surgical units for purulent, aseptic and non-aseptic operations. Surgery divides them according to the type of tissue in which the process takes place. Thus, operations that take place in purulent surgical departments are performed on infectious foci. Non-aseptic methods of surgical intervention occur when affecting a hollow organ, for example, when operating on the stomach or intestines, where avoiding contact with the bacterial environment is impossible. Aseptic surgery is possible when the organs are not exposed, such as in uncomplicated hernia removal.

Surgical Department

The surgical departments in FSBI “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” (NMRRC) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is intended for patients during the preoperative and postoperative period. Placement of patients in the wards depends on the condition of patients and their stage of treatment. Our surgical department usually includes: operating block, dressing room, procedure room, hospital rooms, food block, toilets, sanitary rooms, utility block and medical staff offices.

The place where surgical operations are performed is called the operating theater. It is located directly within the surgical department. A strict sterile regime is observed in the surgery department. The department of surgery allows for small invasive surgery, which allows not to deploy a specialized operating unit. Also the use of laparoscopic surgeries, endoscopy, implantation of port-systems and similar technological interventions.

Surgical operation in oncology

The peculiarities of surgical operation is the use of intervention in oncology. The development of the tumor process in the body has a rapid process, which must be prevented immediately. Surgical operation allows you to cut off the affected area strictly on healthy tissues to avoid the spread of the pathological process in the tissues, blood and lymph. When the foci of pathology metastasize to neighboring foci, combined surgery methods are carried out, which consist in removing the tumor and in neighboring organs of the body. With a wide spread of metastases in the resection of the organ in surgery remove and lymph nodes in distant places from the main focus of the disease. To create an effective treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are added to surgery. This combination allows to achieve the greatest result. In National Medical Research Radiological Centre” (NMRRC) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation each case is considered at an interdisciplinary consilium with the participation of an oncologist, surgeon, oncomorphologist, onco-radiologist and many other specialists who work together to jointly determine the patient’s treatment tactics.

How do you make an appointment for treatment?

Recommendations for patients

In order to decide on the tactics of treatment, you should apply for a face-to-face consultation with an oncologic surgeon at the polyclinics of the branches:

P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI)
A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center (MRRC)
N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology (SRIUIR)

Consultation within the framework of free medical care under OMC in the presence of a referral in the form of 057-u from the attending physician, the institution where the patient is observed.

Pre-registration is required through the information centers of the branches of NMIC Radiology. Then the doctor prescribes (if necessary) further examinations, which can be performed at the place of residence under the MHI.

The decision on hospitalization, issuance of a quota for treatment is made by a consilium of doctors, which is appointed by the oncologist at the initial appointment.

Documents required for a face-to-face consultation at the Center: